Kosalan and Shaho Protected Area

Kosalan and Shaho Protected Area is one of the most valuable natural habitats in western Iran. It lies between the counties of Sarvabad, Marivan and Kamyaran in Kurdistan Province. This vast area, part of which extends to the borders of Kermanshah Province, was added in 2009 (1388 SH) to the list of areas managed by the Department of Environment. Today, covering more than 64,000 hectares, it is considered one of the most important protected areas of the Zagros. Its location in the heart of the Hawraman region, the high Kosalan and Shaho mountain ranges, deep valleys, abundant springs, and historic terraced villages create unrivalled landscapes across this natural expanse. The vernacular architecture of the area's villages, alongside the mountain scenery, doubles the region's appeal for travellers.

In terms of biodiversity, the Kosalan and Shaho area is regarded as one of the richest habitats in Kurdistan Province. So far, more than 242 plant species, 117 bird species, 23 mammal species and 17 reptile species have been identified here. Extensive oak forests form the area's most important vegetation, and alongside them a variety of medicinal, edible and aromatic plants grow at different altitudes. The area's most notable wildlife includes the leopard, brown bear, lynx, wild goat and ibex, wolf, fox and jackal. Valuable bird species such as the imperial eagle, vultures and the golden eagle also live in this habitat. Mount Shaho, part of the Zagros range with an average height of about 3,400 metres, is one of the best-known peaks of the Hawraman region and is famous for its broad pastures, numerous springs and sweeping natural views.

The Kosalan and Shaho Protected Area can be reached by several routes, including the roads leading to Sarvabad, Marivan, Kamyaran and the villages of the Hawraman region. The best time to visit is spring and early summer, when the vegetation is at its freshest and the plains and mountain slopes look especially beautiful. Autumn is also a popular season to visit because of the colours of the oak forests. Given the area's high ecological value, visitors should avoid lighting fires in forested areas, leaving litter, damaging vegetation and disturbing wildlife, so that this valuable natural heritage is preserved for future generations.